Engine Speed Control
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| Illustration 1 | g03764891 |
(1) Switch Panel (23) Machine ECM (70) Monitor (71) Engine ECM | |
Machine ECM (23) receives the engine speed dial signal from the soft switch panel (1) . The machine ECM then transmits the desired engine speed to the engine ECM (23) . The position of the engine speed dial is indicated on the operator monitor (70) . The machine ECM, engine ECM, and soft switch panel ECM communicates these signals via the CAN data link.
The engine speed dial is a 10-position switch. The selected position is displayed on operator monitor (70) .
The desired engine speed and hydraulic torque settings for each dial position can be changed in Cat ET or through the monitor.
Note: The actual engine RPM and torque output will vary, depending on the setting of the power mode that is selected. The standard mode and economy mode will change to high hydraulic power mode during travel.
| RPM and Torque Percentage For The Engine Speed Dial Switch. High Horse Power Mode (HHP) |
||
|---|---|---|
| "Dial Position" | Engine RPM | Hydr Torque (%) |
| 1 | 950 | 20.0 |
| 2 | 1040 | 35.0 |
| 3 | 1140 | 48.0 |
| 4 | 1240 | 63.0 |
| 5 | 1370 | 77.0 |
| 6 | 1470 | 88.0 |
| 7 | 1570 | 94.0 |
| 8 | 1650 | 97.0 |
| 9 | 1730 | 99.0 |
| 10 | 1800 | 100.0 |
| RPM and Torque Percentage For The Engine Speed Dial Switch. Standard Mode (STD) |
||
|---|---|---|
| "Dial Position" | Engine RPM | Hydr Torque (%) |
| 1 | 950 | 20.0 |
| 2 | 1040 | 35.0 |
| 3 | 1140 | 48.0 |
| 4 | 1240 | 63.0 |
| 5 | 1300 | 77.0 |
| 6 | 1330 | 88.0 |
| 7 | 1360 | 95.0 |
| 8 | 1400 | 100.0 |
| 9 | 1500 | 100.0 |
| 10 | 1600 | 100.0 |
| RPM and Torque Percentage For The Engine Speed Dial Switch. Economy Mode (ECO) |
||
|---|---|---|
| "Dial Position" | Engine RPM | Hydr Torque (%) |
| 1 | 950 | 20.0 |
| 2 | 1040 | 35.0 |
| 3 | 1140 | 48.0 |
| 4 | 1240 | 63.0 |
| 5 | 1300 | 70.0 |
| 6 | 1330 | 78.0 |
| 7 | 1360 | 85.0 |
| 8 | 1400 | 90.0 |
| 9 | 1500 | 90.0 |
| 10 | 1600 | 90.0 |
Self-Diagnostic Function
The "Machine ECM" (23) is a self-diagnostic component. The "Machine ECM" monitors the inputs and the outputs. The "Machine ECM" monitors the system problems that can occur and system warnings that are generated during the operation of the machine. The "Machine ECM" will display a system warning that is generated via the self-diagnostic function, on the monitor (70) .
Note: A history file is kept for the warnings. The log file contains the time and the number of occurrences of each warning.
Automatic Engine Control (AEC)
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| Illustration 2 | g02160999 |
(1) Switch Panel (23) Machine ECM (38) "Pump 1 Pressure Sensor" (39) "Pump 2 Pressure Sensor" (45) "Left Travel Pressure Switch" (46) "Right Travel Pressure Switch" (47) "Implement Pressure Switch" (70) Monitor (71) Engine ECM | |
The "Automatic Engine Control (AEC)" will lower the engine speed if the machine experiences a no load condition for approximately 5 seconds. This process is designed to reduce noise and fuel consumption. When the loaded condition is detected, the engine speed returns to the speed indicated by the setting on the speed dial.
The loaded condition is detected by either the implement pressure switch, the travel pressure switch, or the pump discharge pressure sensors.
Note: Input components related to the tool control system can detect loaded conditions as well.
The operator can select a setting of the AEC using the selection switch on the switch panel. An indicator light on the panel is illuminated when the second setting of the AEC is selected.
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| Illustration 3 | g02161039 |
AEC Selection Switch | |
The AEC can be set by the switch on the right console. The indicator of the switch will illuminate during the second setting of the AEC. The second setting of the AEC is available immediately after the engine start switch is turned to the ON position. The AEC can be set in the first stage and the second stage by alternately pressing the switch.
First Setting Of The AEC
The first setting of the AEC will lower the speed of the setting of the engine speed dial by approximately 100 rpm in the "no load" or the "light load" condition.
Second Setting Of The AEC
The second setting of the AEC will reduce the engine speed to a setting equal to the one position on the speed dial, in the "no load" condition.
Note: When the main backup switch is turned to the ON position (Manual), the AEC function is disabled.
One Touch Low Idle
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| Illustration 4 | g02161051 |
(1) Switch Panel (23) Machine ECM (38) "Pump 1 Pressure Sensor" (39) "Pump 2 Pressure Sensor" (43) "Swing Control Pressure Sensor" (45) "Left Travel Pressure Switch" (46) "Right Travel Pressure Switch" (47) "Implement Pressure Switch" (48) "One Touch Low Idle Switch" (70) Monitor (71) Engine ECM | |
When the one touch low idle switch is pressed, and the machine is not under a load (all levers and pedals in the neutral position), the engine speed is the same as the speed for the second speed setting of the AEC. When normal operations have resumed, the engine speed for the dial setting will return the corresponding RPM.
The operational condition of the machine is detected by the implement pressure switches of the joystick and the travel switch of the travel pedal .
Start up Of The One Touch Low Idle
The one touch low idle feature will activate during all "stopped" conditions of the implement, swing, travel, and tools. However, when the "One Touch Low Idle" switch is pressed, the control will lower the engine speed. The speed is reduced to a speed dial setting of 1. This control overrides the AEC.
Release Of The One Touch Low Idle
The one touch low idle will be released when any of the following conditions occur:
- The one touch low idle switch (16) is pressed again.
- The "Implement Swing Pressure" sensor is set to the ON position.
- A "Travel Pressure" switch is set to the ON position.
- A pressure switch that is related to a tool is set to the ON position.
- The ECM is receiving an active signal from the pump pressure sensors. An increase in pump pressure sensed by the pump pressure sensors.
The engine speed is different after the switch has been released. The different speed will depend on the conditions of the release.
- The engine speed will match the setting on the speed dial, when the one touch low idle is released by an operation of the implement or the one touch low idle switch is used to release the low idle function.
"Engine Speed Protection"
Delayed Engine Shutdown
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| Illustration 5 | g02161067 |
(23) "Machine ECM" (49) "Key Switch" (58) "Hydraulic Lock Solenoid" (70) "Monitor" (71) "Engine ECM" | |
The Delayed Engine Shutdown function allows the engine or exhaust system to run at low idle after the key is turned OFF. This function provides a cool down period for the engine or exhaust system. During the cool down period the engine burns soot that has collected in the exhaust system.
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| Illustration 6 | g02161074 |
(1) "Key off position" (2) "Emergency stop position" | |
If an immediately stop of the engine is necessary after the key has been turned OFF, turn the key to the emergency stop position (full left position).
Engine Idle Shutdown
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| Illustration 7 | g02161107 |
(23) "Machine ECM" (38) "Pump 1 Pressure Sensor" (39) "Pump 2 Pressure Sensor" (43) "Swing Control Pressure Sensor" (45) "Left Travel Pressure Sensor" (46) "Right Travel Pressure Sensor" (47) "Implement Pressure Switch" (48) "One Touch Low Idle Switch" (49) "Key Switch" (58) "Hydraulic Lock Solenoid" (70) "Monitor" (71) "Engine ECM" | |
The Engine Idle Shutdown function stops the engine automatically when the machine has been idle for longer than the set time. Before the engine stops, a warning message will be displayed on the Messenger.
Pump Torque Control
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| Illustration 8 | g02161161 |
(1) "Switch Panel" (23) "Machine ECM" (24) "Straight Travel Pressure Switch" (38) "Pump 1 Pressure Sensor" (39) "Pump 2 Pressure Sensor" (40) "Negative Flow Control 1 Pressure Sensor" (41) "Negative Flow Control 2 Pressure Sensor" (45) "Left Travel Pressure Switch" (46) "Right Travel Pressure Switch" (51) "Power Shift Pressure PRV" (70) "Monitor" | |
The Machine ECM controls the power shift pressure, based on the position of the speed dial (throttle).
Integrated Engine and Pump Power Management Control
The integrated engine and pump power management control is a suite of software programs loaded into the engine ECM and machine ECM. This power management control performs the function of coordinating hydraulic power demands with engine power production. The machine ECM monitors the position of the joystick which corresponds to operator requests for hydraulic power. The machine ECM communicates with the engine ECM to control the flow of fuel to the injectors in coordination with changes in power demands from the various machine systems. The engine output power is matched to the sum of all power loads to ideally provide zero engine speed acceleration or deceleration. The steady-state control output can be attained nearly instantaneously using the CAN Datalink connection between the machine ECM and engine ECM.
Regeneration Function
The regeneration function limits the speed of the engine when the boom is moving down. The regeneration function improves the overall fuel efficiency of the machine. The engine speed is reduced to a value that is less than the setting of the engine speed dial. The engine is aided in moving the boom down by the fluid that is routed by the "Boom Down PRV".
The "Boom Lowering Pilot Pressure" Sensor measures pilot pressure to detect a boom lowering operation and signals the Machine ECM. The Machine ECM reduces engine speed and pump flow to improve fuel efficiency.
The Machine ECM receives a signal from the "Boom Head Pressure" Sensor to indicate a lift condition is present. The Machine ECM responds by increasing pump flow and engine speed.
When boom lowering is operated only, the main pump flow is reduced according to the operation. When boom lowering is operated with other actuators, the main pump flow is reduced according to the flow limitation pressure (NFC) sensor.
Automatic Travel Speed Change Function
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| Illustration 9 | g02138833 |
(1) Switch Panel (23) Machine ECM (27) Auxiliary Pedal Electric L/R (38) "Pump 1 Pressure" Sensor (57) "Travel Speed" Solenoid | |
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| Illustration 10 | g02299515 |
The location of the button that is used to control the travel speed of the machine. | |
There are two modes of travel for the machine. The modes are "tortoise" and "rabbit". The control for the travel speed is located on the touch pad that is located to the right of the operator. The panel includes an indicator to display the speed function that is active. When the main pump pressure is low, the travel speed is automatically increased to high speed. When the main pump pressure is high and the selected travel speed is high, the travel speed is automatically switched to low speed. When the travel speed is set to tortoise, the travel speed is fixed at the low speed (no change).
Swing Brake Operation
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| Illustration 11 | g02161622 |
(1) Switch Panel (23) Machine ECM (42) "Boom Down Control Pressure" Sensor (43) "Swing Control Pressure" Sensor (47) "Implement Pressure" Switch (56) "Swing Brake " Solenoid (70) Monitor | |
This machine is equipped with a swing lock system that is hydraulically controlled. The control circuit of the swing lock system provides control for the swing brake .
The "Swing Brake " Solenoid (56) is controlled by the Left Joystick or the Right Joystick (depending on the setup of the operating controls). When the assigned joystick is moved to the NEUTRAL position, the Machine ECM (23) causes the pilot pressure to equalize at the "Swing Brake" Solenoid (56) . The "Swing Brake " Solenoid (56) is energized in order to release the fluid that is contained in the swing control portion of the hydraulic circuit. The release of the pressure by the "Swing Brake" Solenoid releases pressure that is retaining a spring. As a result of the release of pressure on the spring, the spring acts to compress a group of braking clutches that act on the swing motor. The "Swing Brake Release" Solenoid (56) is de-energized approximately 6.5 seconds after all levers and pedals are returned to NEUTRAL position.
The swing brake is released immediately on the operation of any of following of these controls: boom, stick, bucket, swing and an attachment.
The "Implement Pressure" Switch (47) , "Boom Down Control Pressure" Sensor (42) , and Swing Control Pressure Sensor (43) are used to monitor the functions listed above.
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| Illustration 12 | g02161626 |
(1) Switch Panel (9) "Fine Swing Switch" (16) "Fine Swing Solenoid" (23) "Machine ECM" (70) "Monitor" | |
The fine swing function is designed to open a hydraulic circuit between the ports of the swing motor. This function provides a smooth start and stop operation with the swing motor is in movement. The "Fine Swing" Solenoid (16) is activated by the "Fine Swing" Switch (9) located on the "Switch Panel" (1) .
The Machine ECM detects operation of the fine swing switch in order to release the swing brake.
Tool Control
When an attachment tool is being operated, the engine speed and the pump flow are controlled according to the type of tool. For more information, refer to the appropriate service manual for the tool control of the machine that is being serviced.
Selection Of A Tool
The tools are preprogrammed. The operator selects the tool. The monitor is used to make the selection. The following items are examples of some parameters which can be adjusted to accommodate a particular tool:
- The "Engine Speed" dial setting
- Pump flow for one or two pumps
- Pump flow for one or two directions
NFC Valve Pump Flow Control
All tools use the flow of the NFC valve control pump. A pressure switch detects the pressure change. A proportional reducing valve restricts the NFC pump flow. A resolver valve selects the higher pressure between the pressure in the control valve and the pressure from the proportional reducing valve. This signal restricts the pump flow to a lower pressure. The main pump flow is then reduced.
This process results in better simultaneous operation of the tool and operation of the implement.
Monitoring System
The monitoring system is an input and an output of the "Machine Control System". The "Machine Control System" communicates back and forth on the "CAN Data Link". The monitoring system consists of the following components: display with numerous screens and menus, keypad, indicators and gauges. These components will be described throughout this manual.
The monitoring system informs the operator of the status of the machine. The monitoring system includes a graphic display that allows the operator to view information that pertains to machine functions. Refer to Illustration 13.
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| Illustration 13 | g02108119 |
Monitoring System Display (with rear view camera on) (1) Alert Indicator (2) Clock Bar (3) Gauge Indicator (4) Camera View (5) Warning Display Area (6) Multi-Information Area (7) Keypad | |
Note: The keypad is a multifunction keypad. Symbols for the keypad will be displayed on the Multi-Information Area (6) above the keypad (7) . The symbols will vary depending on the screen that is being displayed.
The keypad is used in order to provide input to the ECM. The keypad is also used to navigate through the menu of the monitoring system.
The view on the monitor screen can be adjusted to show only machine information , machine information, and a view from the camera that is mounted on the rear of the machine , or a full view from the camera that is mounted on the rear of the machine . The camera view on a machine that is equipped with multiple cameras can be preset in the service mode.
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| Illustration 14 | g02299534 |
The button that is shown in the graphic above is used to change the screen to one of three views:
- A view of the machine functions
- A combined view of the machine functions and the rear view cameras
- A full-screen view of the rear view cameras
A view of the monitoring system will display various warnings and information about the condition of the machine. The monitoring system display has 3 gauges and a number of alert indicators. Each gauge is dedicated to a parameter within a machine system. The monitoring system will allow the user to do the following:
- View system status information
- View parameters
- View service intervals
- Perform calibrations
- Troubleshoot machine systems
Some of the possible parameters of the machine systems are listed: fuel level, engine coolant temperature and hydraulic oil temperature. The gauges receive information from sensors or senders that are connected to the ECM. The ECM uses the information from each sensor input to calculate the value that is shown on the gauges.
The alert indicators will notify the operator of an abnormal condition in a machine system. The ECM uses information from pressure switches, sensors, and other inputs in order to determine when an abnormal condition is present. The ECM will send a message to the monitoring system display. Then, the monitoring system will display a pop-up alert indicator for the machine system with the abnormal condition.
See Service Manual, KENR9509, "Monitoring System"