416E, 420E and 430E Backhoe Loaders Diagnostic Code List Caterpillar

Use the AVSpare Electronic Technician (Cat ET) in order to determine the diagnostic codes for the electronic control modules (ECM). After determining the diagnostic codes, refer to the corresponding test procedure for more information. Perform the procedure that corresponds to the Module Identifier (MID), the Component Identifier (CID) and the Failure Mode Identifier (FMI) of the diagnostic code.

Module Identifier (MID)

The module identifier (MID) identifies the electronic control module that detected the code. Each electronic control module on the machine has a unique MID. Use the following chart in order to match the MID for each diagnostic code to a specific electronic control module. The chart for the Module Identifier (MID) is located on the Electrical System Schematic for your machine. See the chart if the MID is not shown on the display of your machine. After the operator determines the electronic control module that has detected the failure, see the service manual module for that particular ECM for more troubleshooting information. The service manual for each ECM is part of the machine's Service Manual.

Component Identifier (CID)

The following table is a list of possible diagnostic codes for the machine ECM.

Failure Mode Identifier (FMI)

The codes for the Failure Mode Identifier are defined by the SAE standards. The following list contains a AVS version of definitions. The diagram that follows will help you understand the use of FMI with sensors.

Illustration 1	g00493694

Detailed FMI Explanation

FMI 00 "Data Valid But Above Normal Operating Range (Most severe - Level 3)" - Every electronic control system sets a high limit for the expected operating range of the signal. This could be a high temperature. A sensor that is still operating but sending a signal above the expected limit will cause a FMI 00 to be stored.

Some of the possible causes of a FMI 00 are listed below.

• The signal is above normal.

• The signal is shorted to the +battery circuit.

• The sensor needs to be calibrated.

This is an example of a sensor that needs calibration. A PWM signal that is at a duty cycle of 80 percent is a valid signal. If the PWM signal has a duty cycle of 81 percent the sensor is still working, but the sensor signal is above the expected signal limits.

FMI 01 "Data Valid But Below Normal Operating Range (most severe)" - Every electronic control system sets a low limit for the expected operating range of the signal. The limit includes signals that are under the lower limit. The low signal could be the oil pressure signal. The sensor is still working but sending a signal below the expected limit will cause a FMI 01 to be stored.

Some of the possible causes of a FMI 01 are listed below.

• The signal is below the normal range.

• The timing is retarded.

This is an example of a PWM sensor. This sensor is not expected to generate a PWM signal below a duty cycle of 5 percent with zero air pressure. If the sensor generates a signal with a duty cycle of 4 percent when the engine is shutdown. The sensor is still working but sending a signal that is below the expected limit. This will cause an FMI 01 to be stored.

FMI 02 "Data Erratic, Intermittent or Incorrect" - The signal from a component is present. The control that reads the diagnostic information can not read the signal properly. The signal appears to be gone, unstable or invalid. The data can be correct or incorrect intermittently. Also, this condition relates to communication between controls. This is an example of communication between controls. When the monitoring system is looking for the engine speed from the engine ECM over the AVS data link.

• There is a failed connection.

• The signal is intermittent or erratic.

• The software has been changed.

• The signal is noisy.

• The signal is out of range.

FMI 03 "Voltage Above Normal or Shorted High" - The component or system voltage is higher than the limit. FMI 03 most often relates to a signal circuit.

Some of the components that could cause a FMI 03 are listed below.

• The sensor or the switch has failed.

• The harness is damaged.

• The electronic control module has failed.

Some of the possible causes of a FMI 03 are listed below.

• A sensor that has failed and the voltage output is high.

• Any wiring harness that has a sensor signal wire shorted to a high voltage. A high voltage is any voltage that is greater than the sensor supply voltage.

• A wiring harness that has an open circuit in the sensor signal wire will cause the control to pull up. When this occurs the input circuit is pulled up to the supply voltage.

• A control that has failed will also cause a FMI 03. This is very unlikely.

FMI 04 "The Voltage is Below Normal or the Voltage is Shorted Low" - The component or system voltage is lower than the limit. FMI 04 most often relates to a signal circuit.

Some of the components that could cause a FMI 04 are listed below.

• The sensor or the switch has failed.

• The harness is damaged.

• The electronic control has failed.

Some of the possible causes of a FMI 04 are listed below.

• A sensor that has failed and the voltage output is low.

• Any wiring harness that has a sensor signal wire shorted to ground.

• A failed ECM will also cause a FMI 04. This is very unlikely.

FMI 05 "Current Below Normal or Open Circuit" - The current through the component or the system is lower than the limit. FMI 05 is most often related to a driver circuit.

Some of the possible causes of a FMI 05 are listed below.

• There is an open circuit or a poor harness connection.

• There is an open relay.

• There is a switch in the open position.

FMI 06 "Current Above Normal or Grounded Circuit" - The current through the component or the system is higher than the limit. FMI 06 is most often related to a driver circuit. This fault is very similar to FMI 04.

Some of the possible causes of a FMI 06 are listed below.

• There is a short to ground in the harness connection.

• There is a shorted relay.

• A failed control will also cause a FMI "06". This is very unlikely.

FMI 07 "Mechanical System Not Responding Properly" - The control detects a signal that is sent to a mechanical system and the response is not correct.

Some of the possible causes of a FMI 07 are listed below.

• The component responds improperly.

• The component is stuck in a position.

• The component has failed.

• The engine is shut down.

• The machine is being used improperly.

FMI 08 "Abnormal Frequency, Pulse Width or Period" - This occurs when the signal is not in the expected range. FMI 08 can also relate to a faulty sensor.

Some of the possible causes of a FMI 08 are listed below.

• The harness connections are intermittent or poor.

• The engine misfired.

• The signal is noisy due to nearby interference.

• There are loose mechanical devices.

FMI 09 "Abnormal Update" - This relates to communications on the data link. FMI 09 occurs when a control is not able to get information from another control.

Some of the possible causes of a FMI 09 are listed below.

• The control module is not communicating on the data link correctly.

• The rate of data transmission is abnormal.

• The data link has failed.

• There is a mismatch of software.

FMI 10 "Abnormal Rate of Change" - This relates to a signal that changes too fast. The rate of change is outside of the expected limit.

FMI 11 "Failure Mode Not Identifiable" - The control identifies more than one FMI as being responsible for a single failure.

Some of the possible causes of a FMI 11 are listed below.

• There is a mechanical failure.

• There is damage to multiple circuits.

FMI 12 "Bad Device or Component" - The electronic control sends a signal and the electronic control expects a response. The control receives no response or the response is incorrect.

Some of the possible causes of a FMI 12 are listed below.

• There is a failure of the electronic control.

• There is a failure on the data link.

• There are one or more controls with mismatched software.

FMI 13 "Out of Calibration" - The electrical signal is not within limits for a specific mechanical condition.

Some of the possible causes of a FMI 13 are listed below.

• Calibration is required.

• The data is out of range.

FMI 14 "Special Instruction" - This FMI is to be used as a special procedure or as more detailed information is required to understand it. In many cases, it is not really a failure that occurred but rather a situation that needs to be logged to give the service person information.

FMI 15 "Data Vailid But Above Normal Operating Range (Least Severe - Level 1)" - Every electronic control system sets a high limit for the expected operating range of the signal. The limit includes signals that are under the lower limit. The low signal could be the oil pressure signal. The sensor is still working but sending a signal below the expected limit will cause a FMI 15 to be stored.

Some of the possible causes of a FMI 15 are listed below.

• The signal is above normal.

• The signal is shorted to the +battery circuit.

• The sensor needs to be calibrated.

This is an example of a sensor that needs calibration. A PWM signal that is at a duty cycle of 80 percent is a valid signal. If the PWM signal has a duty cycle of 81 percent the sensor is still working, but the sensor signal is above the expected signal limits.

FMI 16 "Data Vailid But Above Normal Operating Range (Moderate Severe - Level 2)" - Every electronic control system sets a high limit for the expected operating range of the signal. The limit includes signals that are under the lower limit. The low signal could be the oil pressure signal. The sensor is still working but sending a signal below the expected limit will cause a FMI 16 to be stored.

Some of the possible causes of a FMI 16 are listed below.

• The signal is above normal.

• The signal is shorted to the +battery circuit.

• The sensor needs to be calibrated.

This is an example of a sensor that needs calibration. A PWM signal that is at a duty cycle of 80 percent is a valid signal. If the PWM signal has a duty cycle of 81 percent the sensor is still working, but the sensor signal is above the expected signal limits.

FMI 17 "Data Vailid But Below Normal Operating Range (Least Severe - Level 1)" - Every electronic control system sets a low limit for the expected operating range of the signal. The limit includes signals that are under the lower limit. The low signal could be the oil pressure signal. The sensor is still working but sending a signal below the expected limit will cause a FMI 17 to be stored.

Some of the possible causes of a FMI 17 are listed below.

• The signal is below the normal range.

• The timing is retarded.

This is an example of a PWM sensor. This sensor is not expected to generate a PWM signal below a duty cycle of 5 percent with zero air pressure. If the sensor generates a signal with a duty cycle of 4 percent when the engine is shutdown. The sensor is still working but sending a signal below the expected limit will cause a FMI 17 to be stored.

FMI 18 "Data Vailid But Below Normal Operating Range (Moderate Severe - Level 2)" - Every electronic control system sets a low limit for the expected operating range of the signal. The limit includes signals that are under the lower limit. The low signal could be the oil pressure signal. The sensor is still working but sending a signal below the expected limit will cause a FMI 18 to be stored.

Some of the possible causes of a FMI 18 are listed below.

• The signal is below the normal range.

• The timing is retarded.

This is an example of a PWM sensor. This sensor is not expected to generate a PWM signal below a duty cycle of 5 percent with zero air pressure. If the sensor generates a signal with a duty cycle of 4 percent when the engine is shutdown. The sensor is still working but sending a signal below the expected limit will cause a FMI 18 to be stored.

FMI 19 "Received Network Data In Errror" - This type of error is associated with the data that is received from the network. The component used to measure the real world signal is wired directly to the module sourcing the data and not to the module receiving the data via the network.